Rental Property Returns in the US — Cap Rates, Cash-on-Cash, and the 1% Rule

## The 1% rule A quick filter for US rental properties: monthly rent should be at least 1% of the purchase price. $200,000 property → $2,000/month rent. This rule has become very hard to meet in coastal markets but still applies in the midwest and southeast. ## Cap rate (2024 context) At 7% mortgage rates, a cap rate below 7% means negative cash flow if financed. Good markets for cash-flow positive rentals: Cleveland, Birmingham, Buffalo, Indianapolis — cap rates of 7–10%. Coastal markets (LA, NYC, SF): cap rates of 3–5% — investment depends entirely on appreciation. ## Cash-on-cash return More relevant than cap rate when using leverage: annual cash flow / down payment. A $30,000 down payment generating $3,000/year net cash = 10% cash-on-cash. Target 8–12% for a good investment. ## Short-term rentals (Airbnb) Short-term rentals can yield 2–3x long-term rental income in tourist/urban markets, but require more active management and are subject to increasingly strict local regulations.