How Much House Can You Afford in the US — The 28/36 Rule and Debt-to-Income

## The 28/36 rule The US standard for home affordability: - **Front-end ratio:** Housing costs (PITI — principal, interest, taxes, insurance) ≤ 28% of gross income - **Back-end ratio:** All debt payments (PITI + all other loans) ≤ 36% of gross income FHA loans allow up to 43%, and some lenders go higher with compensating factors. ## 2024 US home prices context Median US home price: ~$415,000. With 20% down ($83,000) and a 7% rate on $332,000 for 30 years: monthly payment ~$2,210 + taxes ~$400 + insurance ~$150 = ~$2,760. At 28% front-end ratio, you'd need $9,857/month gross income ($118,000/year) to qualify. ## The PMI trap If you put less than 20% down on a conventional loan, you pay Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) — typically 0.5–1.5% of the loan amount per year. On a $300,000 loan, that's $1,500–$4,500/year ($125–$375/month) extra. PMI drops off automatically when equity reaches 20%.