Income Tax in the UK 2024-25 — Personal Allowance, Bands, and National Insurance

## UK income tax bands (2024-25) - Personal Allowance: £12,570 (no tax) - Basic rate (20%): £12,571–£50,270 - Higher rate (40%): £50,271–£125,140 - Additional rate (45%): above £125,140 The Personal Allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 earned over £100,000, making the effective marginal rate 60% between £100,000–£125,140. ## National Insurance (2024-25) Employees pay National Insurance contributions: - 8% on earnings between £12,570–£50,270 - 2% above £50,270 (Rates reduced from 10%/2% effective January 2024) ## PAYE — Pay As You Earn Most UK employees pay tax through PAYE — deducted automatically by employers. If you have multiple income sources, rental income, or self-employment income, you may need to submit a Self Assessment tax return.