Goal-Based Savings in the US — 529 Plans, HYSA, and Targeted Funds

## Match the account to the goal **Emergency fund (immediate access):** High-yield savings account (HYSA) at 4–5% APY. Separate from your checking account to prevent casual spending. **College savings (15+ year horizon):** 529 plan — contributions aren't tax-deductible federally, but growth and withdrawals for qualified education expenses are tax-free. Many states offer state tax deductions. **Home down payment (3–7 years):** HYSA or short-term CDs. Don't put a 3-year timeline money in stocks — a market correction at the wrong time delays your purchase. **Retirement (20+ years):** 401(k) for employer match, then Roth IRA, then taxable brokerage. ## Target-date funds For goals with a clear deadline, target-date funds automatically shift from equity to bonds as you approach the date. A 2035 target-date fund is appropriate for a goal needed in 2035. Simple, low-maintenance, and rebalances automatically.